Al-milal Wa Al-nihal English Pdf ((top)) Official

While the original Arabic text is widely available, English versions are often published as specific sections or academic papers:

(The Book of Sects and Creeds) is a foundational text in the history of religions and Islamic theology. Written by the Persian scholar Muhammad al-Shahrastani (d. 1153 CE) around 1127–1128, it is often cited as the first systematic and non-polemical study of global religions.

Unlike many medieval works that sought to "refute" other faiths, al-Shahrastani aimed to describe them as they were understood by their own adherents. al-milal wa al-nihal english pdf

This part examines groups without a formal scripture, such as Greek philosophers, Indian religions (including Buddhism and Brahminism), and pre-Islamic Arab traditions. Why This Text Matters

This section covers groups with a revealed scripture or "People of the Book," including Muslims, Jews, and Christians. While the original Arabic text is widely available,

Al-Shahrastani’s work is uniquely structured into two main parts:

Muslim Sects and Divisions , edited by A.K. Kazi and J.G. Flynn , provides a reliable translation of the section specifically dealing with Islamic sects. Overview of the Book Unlike many medieval works that sought to "refute"

You can find a digitized version of the Book of Sects and Creeds on Archive.org, which includes early English translations.