The second half of the title, The Last Man , is often overlooked but is arguably the most prophetic part of the book. Drawing from Nietzsche, Fukuyama worried that if the world became stable, peaceful, and democratic, life might become "hollow."

For students and researchers, digital versions (PDFs) must match the pagination of the physical 1992 or 2006 editions to ensure citations are valid.

Modern science and technology demand a capitalist framework to function efficiently and raise living standards.

Borrowing from Hegel, Fukuyama argued that humans have an innate desire to be recognized as equals. Liberal democracy is the only system that provides this recognition through universal rights. The "Last Man" and the Risk of Boredom

Francis Fukuyama: The End of History and the Last Man – Understanding a Global Thesis