Including thermal evaporation and sputtering.
A critical part of the text details how atoms condense on a substrate to form a solid layer. The process includes: Atoms or molecules arriving at the surface. Thin Film Fundamentals A Goswami Pdf
A specialized technique often cited in research using Goswami’s methods for materials like Bismuth and Selenium alloys. Thin Film Fundamentals - A. Goswami - Google Books Including thermal evaporation and sputtering